Daftar Isi
Israel, a small country in the Middle East surrounded by conflict and Arab nations, has shown remarkable economic resilience. Despite its limited land area and mostly arid landscape, Israel’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022 reached USD 525 billion (around IDR 8,490 trillion). This placed it second in the Middle East, surpassing the United Arab Emirates, which is famed for its dream city, Dubai.
The question is: where does Israel’s economic strength come from? Is it oil like Saudi Arabia, or tourism like Dubai? The answer is neither. Israel’s strength lies in innovation and strategic governance since its founding.
A Country Without Hope
When it was established in 1948, Israel had little to offer. About 95% of its territory was barren and unsuitable for agriculture or livestock. Two-thirds of its population were immigrants, mostly Holocaust survivors. Israel also immediately faced a series of wars — the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Six-Day War in 1967, and ongoing conflicts with Palestinian militias.
Many predicted the country would soon collapse. Yet Israel not only survived but evolved into one of the most advanced countries in the region.
Early Investments and Smart Policies
Israel’s growth was supported by foreign aid from Western countries such as the United States, Italy, and France. West Germany also paid reparations through the Luxembourg Agreement. In addition, Jewish communities worldwide contributed financial support.
What truly set Israel apart was how it managed these funds. One key institution was Histadrut, the national labor union, which also operated major companies aligned with government vision across sectors like agriculture, transport, telecommunications, and banking.
Histadrut operated with three main principles: profit generation, research and development, and strict accountability. Unprofitable or inefficient companies were shut down.
Through Histadrut, Israel developed a successful agricultural sector despite poor soil. Companies like Netafim pioneered irrigation technologies that used 40% less water and increased crop yields by 50%.
Shifting Toward Technology
In the 1990s, Israel shifted focus to the tech industry. The Yozma Group program offered investment guarantees to foreign investors, even covering potential losses. This bold move drew in massive venture capital, leading to the rise of Silicon Wadi, a tech hub housing global startups like Monday.com and Helios, alongside offices of tech giants like Google and Apple.
By 2021, Israel’s venture capital investments had reached USD 22 billion (IDR 340 trillion). The country also heavily invested in education and military development, producing cutting-edge technologies such as the Iron Dome and Merkava tanks. In 2022, arms exports brought in USD 12.5 billion (IDR 193 trillion).
Strong Education and Social Systems
Israel also excels in human development indicators. Literacy rates exceed 97%, life expectancy is over 83 years, and the country maintains a strong healthcare system. These form a solid foundation for long-term economic growth.
Political Challenges and the Future
Despite its strong economy, Israel faces significant internal and external challenges. In 2023, mass protests erupted over judicial reforms that were seen as weakening the Supreme Court. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government is also criticized for its polarizing politics.
Internationally, Israel faces growing condemnation over its policies towards Palestinians. Economic sanctions and diplomatic isolation from members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are looming possibilities.
Still, Israel’s economic outlook remains positive. GDP growth is projected at 2.9% for 2023 and 3.3% for 2024. This suggests resilience, despite the stormy political climate.***
